This shows that vigorous-intensity physical activity for a 35-year-old person will require that the heart rate remains between 142 and 172 bpm during physical activity. For example, for a 35-year-old person, the estimated maximum age-related heart rate would be calculated as 220 – 35 years = 185 beats per minute (bpm). To figure out this range, follow the same formula used above, except change “64 and 76%” to “77 and 93%”. Intensity will depend on the strength and amplitude of a wave. This shows that moderate-intensity physical activity for a 50-year-old person will require that the heart rate remains between 109 and 129 bpm during physical activity.įor vigorous-intensity physical activity, your target heart rate should be between 77% and 93% 1, 2 of your maximum heart rate. For example, for a 50-year-old person, the estimated maximum age-related heart rate would be calculated as 220 – 50 years = 170 beats per minute (bpm). To estimate your maximum age-related heart rate, subtract your age from 220. The transport of intensity equation (TIE) provides one approach to retrieve electron. A phase retrieval technique based on a transport of intensity equation (TIE) is one of the defocus series reconstruction techniques in microscopy. You can estimate your maximum heart rate based on your age. To this end, we have combined EFTEM with through-focal intensity. With only intensity measurements at several distances. It is seen that the error is less than 10 percent up to a ratio 2a/W = 0.5.įig.2.For moderate-intensity physical activity, your target heart rate should be between 64% and 76% 1, 2 of your maximum heart rate. In 1983, Teague 1 first establish the quantitative relationship between the longitudinal intensity variation and phase of transporting light with use of a second-order elliptic partial differential equation, so called transport of intensity equation. $$ \sigma_\right) $$įor comparison, two ratio between the two functions are shown in Fig.2.17. Solution Equations (2.27) and (2.28) can be rewritten as One of such method is due to Westergaard, who introduced the following stress function,įig.2.10 A crack of length 2a in an infinite plateĮxample 2.4 Estimate the relative size of the singularity dominated zone ahead of a through crack in an infinite plate subjected to remote uniaxial tension. A cracked body in reality can be loaded in any one of these three, or a combination of these three modes.įig.2.9 Basic modes of crack extension (a) opening mode, (b) sliding mode, and (c) tearing mode.īy means of various techniques, the stress, strain, and displacement fields associated with a crack embedded in an elastic solid can be solved analytically. We now have an equation that relates intensity ( I) to velocity amplitude ( v ). I 2 2 f2v s2 Combine these two equations and simplify. The difference between Mode II and Mode III is that the shearing action in the former case is normal to the crack front in the plane of the crack whereas the shearing action in Mode III is parallel to the crack front. Just a little while ago, we derived an equation for intensity in terms of displacement amplitude. ![]() Mode I corresponds to normal separation of the crack faces under the action of tensile stresses, which is by far the most widely encountered in practice. Equation For Light Intensity Vs Distance. ![]() As shown in Fig.2.9, the three basic modes are: opening (mode I), in-plane shear (mode II) and out-of-plane tearing (mode III). ![]() Problem 5: What is the sound intensity of a singer who is singing at a power of 6×10-4 relative to a person at a distance of 3m. and substituting the values of I and P, A 5×10 -4 / 10×10 -4. Before proceeding to consider the stress analysis of cracked bodies, it is important to distinguish basic "modes" of stressing. So by rearranging the formula for sound intensity, A P / I.
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